What is backtracking?

Backtracking is a problem-solving technique in computer science and mathematics where an algorithm attempts to solve a problem incrementally by trying out different possibilities and undoing its steps when it determines that a certain path cannot lead to a valid solution. It is often used in problems involving combinatorial choices, optimization, and decision-making, such as solving puzzles, finding paths in graphs, or searching for solutions in constraint satisfaction problems. Backtracking is characterized by its recursive nature, where the algorithm explores various options and backtracks when it encounters an invalid or unsuccessful choice, ultimately leading to finding a valid solution or determining that no solution exists.